Hydraulic

Assalamualaikum wr wb
Hi readers :D

have you seen excavator in anyplace ? surely we have often seen this, in the building construction at our city, in the construction bridges, streets and buildings constructions everywhere.
We must realized how important excavator for us mostly for our developments building, it was became helper for all engineers to crates infrastructure in every places.

But have you thought about how excavator can works ? with their big arm can carries a ton of material, how great it is right. But if you have not know about it, i swear you should be suprised and shocking if excavator's arm system actually using fluid or water as arm mover and this system has named "Hydraulic System" which just using fluid as main elements to making motions into machinery.

So today we will recognize about "Hydraulic System", first you are have to knowing Hydraulic system not just using in excavator, but if you aware it, actually hydraulic system has using in every stuff like within airplane or aerospace region, door's system using hydraulic, motor hydraulic, brake system, and many else which has application hydraulic system.

We had knew it, in our world water and other fluid has really big dominated for us, for proof, you can not to ignore it, in our big earth, surface and also inside it, water is be number ,1 element which mostly amounts. and from over earth we just can see earth seems like big blue sphere which represents water as a big domination in our world, around 332,500,000 cubic miles (mi³) (1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers (km³)) water inside the earth including all things has water within them. this was a reason why water is really important become alternative thing cause, in each horizon of our world, we must met with water in everyplace. So hydraulic concept must be exact choice for our to make our technology in engineering more advance in simple way.

okay lets move one into hydraulic explains,

Hydraulic system has a simple concept. A hydraulic drive system is a drive or transmission system that uses pressurized hydraulic fluid to power hydraulic machinery. The term hydrostatic refers to the transfer of energy from flow and pressure.
A fundamental feature of hydraulic systems is the ability to apply force or torque multiplication in an easy way, independent of the distance between the input and output, without the need for mechanical gears or levers, either by altering the effective areas in two connected cylinders or the effective displacement (cc/rev) between a pump and motor. In normal cases, hydraulic ratios are combined with a mechanical force or torque ratio for optimum machine designs such as boom movements and trackdrives for an excavator

Let me explain how hydraulic system does in really simple, (but actually this concept has earnest simple -_-) so first we have knew how water or fluid has form or structure where their particle unlike gases or solid stuff (metal, iron, steel),  water or other liquid has similar characteristic where all fluid if got any pressure from outside, their molecule were not become dispersed like gases or not be hard and tough like solid, but they will move to another place where not caught by pressure, in case you can term it into real stuff like two syringes connected each other and within it has filled with water.

At above you can see, that is hydraulic system can works, just using any liquid can make motion each stuff and gives some power for movements. And this concept has applications in that big arm excavator and other machinery.

 

A Fundamental of this concept has ever used in past to made a robotic hydraulic and this inventions made record as be the first robot has ever made. And cause this inventions, everyone in that era begins to makes something using water or other fluid as helper to creates mechanics structural.

Al-Jazari (1260) more early than Da vinci who famous as be the first inventor of robot, he was invented a robot had function as entertainer for a kingdom, and this robot can makes an instrumental music just used concept of hydraulic that means just using water as mover of his robot, cause his accomplishment, he got named as "Father of Robotic". 

Change from side topic to main topic, Hydraulic concept making our world development advancing more and more, like now we can made a big building where has more than 200 floors and if we didn't using hydraulic pump to transfers material like cement mortar to top building, we can't build any big constructions. And also as i mentioned before about robotic using hydraulic, until now this system still using and that application we can see like excavator, or really high technology robot.

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Pneumatic

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Assalamualaikum wr wb
Hi readers :)

Today i want to post about engineering tool and system, and it has similar with previous topic which explains about Hydraulic, that is about *Pneumatic*.

Still remember about hydraulic system ? where a tool or cylinder could makes motion cause pressure from liquid, like water or oil. And much of hydraulic system using in engineering heavy machinery like excavator arm. For reminder you, you can read article about hydraulic system here.

And obviously our topic today has relations with hydraulic system, Pneumatic and Hydraulic basically has same system in works, but just different in mover element.

So anyone here has knew what is mover element for Pneumatic system within their cylinder ?
if hydraulic system using liquid like water and oil but in pneumatic commonly they were used "Air" for their auxiliary.

This was really similar cause have same function between them, to force push piston within cylinder an with *If hydraulic with liquid and for pneumatic with air.

Okay i will explain from who is invented this system, pneumatic system

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Firstly, actually Pneumatic system has been applied by ancient or primitive people since long time ago, primitive people using pneumatic system on their weapon, that was Traditional Dart Gun, anyone has knew about it right ? of course pneumatic system apply when they blow their dart wits some tiny pipe made from any plants, and can throwing dart to out from pipe.

And same with pneumatic usually using in engineering like brake system within any heavy vehicle, they were used air and push or press a piston to makes foward motion.

As you see at above, that is one of cylinder which using pneumatic system, almost same with hydraulic, how pneumatic work into cylinder, when some air has through some process and became more press, then those air will push piston inside cylinder and makes motion for piston.

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When i said, they were has little difference, hydraulic without any proccess could makes liquid in the first condition could push piston, but in pneumatic where air in first condition or pure state should be through any proccess before that component can pushes  a piston.

That is picture explains about Pneumatic system, so first step is air will be pass whole those proccess, section by section from air over atmosphere will draws by compressor, then cooler as helper to make air already has high temperature to low temperature cause any devices will be broke if high air temperature pass their components, and separator as filter, separator will separates and splits air and any tiny spoiler if air still has any like dust or else, it could makes obstacle for piston cause any dust or anything can makes any scratch in wall of cylinder or piston. Control Valve will controlling by someone and actuator is cylinder has piston inside it.


Okay i think enough for this topic,
Maybe you have any question want to ask, just ask to me with comment below or contact me at above.

Thanks :)

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Spur Gear (Introduction)

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Assalamualaikum wr wb

Hi readers ^_^

My lecturer has gave me a task to make a presentation about 'Spur Gear' include with Flow chart about spur gear, so this topic literally like preparation before i take into real paper and real presentation, and i thought there is no harm if i could post this topic here :).

 

So for the first, i just want to explain about what is spur gear and about each parts on spur gear. And for the part 2, i will post about spur gear computational, there was so many of precision computational, so maybe it is kinda difficult but, i am struggling to comprehend it ^_^.

Okay we begin with "What is spur gear ?"

Actually, gear has many kind, and spur gear was one of them, for example else gears beside spur gear, like worm gear, crown gear, bevel gear, spiral gear, helical gear and still many gear with has added any modification from other *not standard gear.

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On one spur gear, there are has several particular parts, where entire parts must be precision cause if one gear has not precision gauge, absolutely each gears perhaps will can't works cause any gears in wrong measure.

Okay so i will explains each of spur gear parts, 

1. Gear Tooth

Gear tooth was mots important part on a gear, cause without it a gear indeed can't to works and makes rotation motion cause gear tooth has function to makes a link to each all of gear in one mesh, if only just one gear tooth broken or became fractured and within that mesh each other gears will has not interaction. And not just that, if one of tooth having little wrong measure or fails precision gauge, obviously that gear can't works correctly.

2. Pitch Point

Pitch point or pitch line could called as a point where two tooth's side met each others, and that both touched till gear tooth didn't has some gap in their sides, and that point called *Pitch Point*.

3. Addendum and Dedendum

• Addendum is a part of the top from pitch point, and addendum has included in tooth's region.
• Dedendum is reversed with addendum where dedendum is bottom part from pitch point.

And in generally, those 3 parts on a gear as determiner a gear could work in properly or not, cause such i said before "Gear was about precision measure and compute"

i think enough for part 1 and i will extend part 2 for spur gear computational.

if you have any question want to ask, just leave it into comment below or contact me at above.

Thanks :)

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Helical Gear (Introduction)

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Assalamualaikum wr wb
Hi readers :)

So today i want to extend about Gear topic, which i have posted in previous about Spur Gear, if you have not read about spur gear topic, you may read here.

As before i mentioned, gear having man kind and modifications shape, and for continue previous topic, today i will explain about other kind of gear, that is *Helical Gear*.

Is anyone has knew what helical gear is ? in fundamentally, all kind of gears actually having same functions but all of them has difference in their gear tooth.

And we could say spur and helical gear just has difference in their each gear tooth, if spur gear has straight gear tooth, but or helical gear's teeth like oblique or spiral adjusting with it name.

So the questions is, why they have difference teeth, and reason to make difference modification tooth ? 

In quality of spur gear and helical gear, helical gear has more efficient and makes more thrusts than spur gear in cases helical gear could produces more quick rotations than spur gear, but accordingly with it quality, make one helical gear exceptionally difficult.

That was really hard to make a helical gear, cause helical gear's precision most accurate than spur gear, spiral or oblique teeth shape made helical gear must be in exact gauge, precision cannot be ignore for helical gear.

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And other modification of helical gear, they were also using as changer motion direction, and those helical called *Bevel Gear*. Bevel gear has 2 engagement of helical gears (sometimes spur gear also can became bevel gear) and 2 those gears will connecting in 90 degree annular each other.

Usually bevel gear using inside our vehicle, like change direction from transmission into wheels or any stuff which needed to changes their direction purposely.

I think enough for this topic, for the next i am trying to post about gears works flow chart and computational about gear.

Thanks ^_^

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Clutch (Intoduction)

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Assalamualaikum wr wb

Hi readers :)

Today i will post about one of car component within, this component was really important for a car to makes stable speeds and staying in stationary condition while engine already on.
Of course today we will recognize about *Clutch*, a crucial part or component inside car.

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So have you knew about it ? probably for non mechanical students still doesn't know so this topic will explains this device in simple explain.

Fundamentally clutch was a mechanical device within a car which has function to be changer or controller motion from machine source into transmission gears.

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Clutch placing between main engine or combustion chamber and transmission or gear box. As i mentioned above, clutch has function to be changer directions of motion from main engine into transmission or gear box, so why we are should to adding clutch ? this was for settings of car's speeds and for through all type roads such climbs road, along road, oblique road, plateau ways and else.


How clutch can be controller for motion inside a car ?

Clutch can changes and settings about motion inside a car, cause inside clutch has several components which works to be controller and changer speed and motion and usually this is called *Torque settings or controls*.

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And clutch connecting with 2 shafts, there are driving shaft and driven shaft, so these 2 shafts like connector power or as be transfer motion from main engine motion into transmission and eventually to wheels.

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From these shafts, clutch will be engages and disengages according with driver's wants, if clutch be engage between these 2 shafts, driving and driven shafts will be spinning together and makes motion for wheels.

Okay i think enough for this topic.
if you have any questions want to ask, just leave it into comment on below or contact me at above.
thanks a lot ^_^

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Boston Dynamics

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Assalamualaikum wr wb

Hi readers :)

Anyone had watched movies about robots like transformer and others ?

I am surely knowing how about your feeling about those films, which showing many awesome robots with their features, and is it still merely in fiction movies ? Not, obviously not cause this present any robot like Bumble bee or Optimus Prime still going in developing in any countries like America, Russia, Japan, or South Korea.

And today i will post about ones of organization or such similar a Company in USA which has cooperation with U.S Military, and they have attempting to make high tech robots could help people.

Boston Dynamics, was an engineering and robotics company and until now in whole of the world, Boston Dynamics still be number one as company has several high tech robots and it was making them be the first as Robotics Company.

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Actually, Boston Dynamics helping U.S Military in advancing Military Technology , and for reply it US Military with DARPA ( Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) Gives funding for Boston Dynamics to develops all their research and creates.

Boston Dynamics has created several robots :

1. Big Dog

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BigDog is a rough-terrain robot that walks, runs, climbs and carries heavy loads. BigDog is powered by an engine that drives a hydraulic actuation system. BigDog has four legs that are articulated like an animal’s, with compliant elements to absorb shock and recycle energy from one step to the next. BigDog is the size of a large dog or small mule; about 3 feet long, 2.5 feet tall and weighs 240 lbs.
BigDog's on-board computer controls locomotion, processes sensors and handles communications with the user. BigDog’s control system keeps it balanced, manages locomotion on a wide variety of terrains and does navigation. Sensors for locomotion include joint position, joint force, ground contact, ground load, a gyroscope, LIDAR and a stereo vision system. Other sensors focus on the internal state of BigDog, monitoring the hydraulic pressure, oil temperature, engine functions, battery charge and others.

BigDog runs at 4 mph, climbs slopes up to 35 degrees, walks across rubble, climbs muddy hiking trails, walks in snow and water, and carries 340 lb load.
Development of the original BigDog robot was funded by DARPA. Work to add a manipulator and do dynamic manipulation was funded by the Army Research Laboratory's RCTA program. (Source)

2. Cheetah

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The Cheetah robot is the fastest legged robot in the World, surpassing 29 mph, a new land speed record for legged robots. The previous record was 13.1 mph, set in 1989 at MIT.
The Cheetah robot has an articulated back that flexes back and forth on each step, increasing its stride and running speed, much like the animal does. The current version of the Cheetah robot runs on a high-speed treadmill in the laboratory where it is powered by an off-board hydraulic pump and uses a boom-like device to keep it running in the center of the treadmill. The next generation Cheetah robot, WildCat, is designed to operate untethered. WildCat recently entered initial testing and is scheduled for outdoor field testing later in 2013.
Cheetah robot development is funded by DARPA's Maximum Mobility and Manipulation program. (Source)

 

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3. ATLAS

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Atlas is a high mobility, humanoid robot designed to negotiate outdoor, rough terrain. Atlas can walk bipedally leaving the upper limbs free to lift, carry, and manipulate the environment. In extremely challenging terrain, Atlas is strong and coordinated enough to climb using hands and feet, to pick its way through congested spaces.
Articulated, sensate hands will enable Atlas to use tools designed for human use. Atlas includes 28 hydraulically-actuated degrees of freedom, two hands, arms, legs, feet and a torso.
An articulated sensor head includes stereo cameras and a laser range finder. Atlas is powered from an off-board, electric power supply via a flexible tether.
Several copies of the Atlas robot are being provided as Government Furnished Equipment for the DARPA Robotics Challenge program with delivery scheduled in the summer of 2013. (Source)

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And still many of robots in Boston Dynamics in processing to complete.

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Brinel Test

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Assalamualaikum wr wb

Hi readers ^_^

Dr. J. A. Brinell invented the Brinell test in Sweden in 1900. The oldest of the hardness test methods in common use today, the Brinell test is frequently used to determine the hardness of forgings and castings that have a grain structure too course for Rockwell or Vickers testing. Therefore, Brinell tests are frequently done on large parts. By varying the test force and ball size, nearly all metals can be tested using a Brinell test. Brinell values are considered test force independent as long as the ball size/test force relationship is the same.

In the USA, Brinell testing is typically done on iron and steel castings using a 3000Kg test force and a 10mm diameter carbide ball. Aluminum and other softer alloys are frequently tested using a 500Kg test force and a 10 or 5mm carbide ball. Therefore the typical range of Brinell testing in this country is 500 to 3000kg with 5 or 10mm carbide balls. In Europe Brinell testing is done using a much wider range of forces and ball sizes. It's common in Europe to perform Brinell tests on small parts using a 1mm carbide ball and a test force as low as 1kg. These low load tests are commonly referred to as baby Brinell tests.

Today, i had did practical about this test, and for the next assignment have i got, is to make a report about all tests will i do for the next practical, and today Brinell test was i did already.

Summary about that test before which i did with my team :

Before implement a brinell test, instructor gave us one guide book for step to do brinell test accordance in proper.

Inside this book has whole of tests will do by all participants of the practical, including with Brinell test subject.

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At above, is a picture was showing about explains all items and properties which needed for Hardness Test, from Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell.

And for my team, we are implement as i mentioned before, about Brinell Test which need 4 specimens, Aluminium, Brass, St 42 and St 42 has through proceed heated.

Alumunium Specimen while occuring brinell test

Brass specimen

St 42 specimen

About machine we had using in practical before, we had using machine from japan and that machine using hydraulic system.

That is summary of my practical with my team about Brinell Test with 4 specimen material.
If you have any questions want to ask, just leave it into comment on below or contact me at above.
Thanks a lot ^^

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